Testosterone (17ß-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) is an anabolic steroid synthesized primarily by Leydig cells in the testes of male, the ovary of female, and adrenal glands of both sexes[1]. It is synthesized from cholesterol, androstenediol, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), progesterone, and pregnenolone acting as some of the intermediate substrates. Testosterone level in male increase 10 to 20-fold during puberty, driving the physiological changes associated with male puberty. It also exerts a powerful, wide-ranging influence over emotional well-being, sexual function, muscle mass and strength, energy, cardiovascular health, bone integrity, and cognitive ability throughout a man’s entire life. In the blood only 1 to 15% of testosterone is in its unbound or biologically active form. The remaining testosterone is bound to serum proteins.

References

• 1. Wilson, J.D., George, F.W., and Griffin, J.E. The hormonal control of sexual development. Science, 1981, 211: 1278 – 1284.
• 2. Vining, R.F., and McGinley, R.A. The measurement of hormones in saliva: Possibilities and pitfalls. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry, 1987, 27: 81-94.
• 3. Tulsidas G. Shrivastav. Matrix interference in direct total Testosterone enzyme immunoassay and It’s elimination with the use of non-cross reactivity steroids in serum based standards. Health and Population Perspectives and Issues, 2002,25(2):55-64.

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